{"id":221,"date":"2017-06-29T10:31:12","date_gmt":"2017-06-29T08:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vulcania-sciences.scopika.com\/?page_id=221"},"modified":"2023-03-22T10:12:58","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T09:12:58","slug":"se-trouvent-volcans","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/volcans\/se-trouvent-volcans\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u00f9 se trouvent les volcans ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row el_class=\u00a0\u00bbbloc-titre\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb10\/12″][vc_column_text]Aujourd\u2019hui, environ\u00a01 670 volcans actifs<\/b> \u00e9merg\u00e9s sont recens\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le monde : une soixantaine entre en \u00e9ruption chaque ann\u00e9e (sans compter les tr\u00e8s nombreux volcans sous-marins). Ces volcans actifs sont surtout concentr\u00e9s le long des limites de plaques tectoniques<\/a>. Une bonne centaine d\u2019entre eux sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme particuli\u00e8rement dangereux, car d\u2019importantes populations vivent \u00e0 proximit\u00e9. Seuls quelques-uns d\u2019entre eux font l\u2019objet d\u2019une surveillance sp\u00e9cifique avec la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un observatoire d\u00e9di\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le plus gros volcan sur Terre est le\u00a0Mauna Loa<\/b>\u00a0qui se trouve sur la\u00a0Grande \u00cele de Hawaii.<\/b> Son volume est d\u2019environ 40 000 km3 ! Il s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 4 170 m\u00e8tres, mais sa base repose \u00e0 plus de 5 500 m\u00e8tres sous la surface de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Pacifique : sa hauteur totale d\u00e9passe donc 9500 m !<\/p>\n

Les volcans actifs ne se r\u00e9partissent pas al\u00e9atoirement sur le globe. Ils surtout li\u00e9s \u00e0 trois environnements g\u00e9odynamiques :<\/p>\n

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  1. le volcanisme d\u2019accr\u00e9tion<\/strong>, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les plaques s\u2019\u00e9cartent les unes des autres ;
    \nOn estime qu\u2019au moins 20 000 centres \u00e9ruptifs actuels ou tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cents jalonnent ces limites, dont plus de 99 % ne sont pas observables, car cach\u00e9s au fond des oc\u00e9ans. Le volcanisme des zones d\u2019accr\u00e9tion est surtout connu aux rares endroits o\u00f9 les dorsales \u00e9mergent. C\u2019est le cas de l\u2019Islande.<\/li>\n
  2. le volcanisme de subduction<\/strong>, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 convergent les plaques :
    \nC\u2019est le long des zones de subduction que se manifeste de la mani\u00e8re la plus \u00e9vidente le volcanisme actuel, de fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement tr\u00e8s explosive. La zone la plus connue est la ceinture de feu du Pacifique : elle borde cet oc\u00e9an de tous c\u00f4t\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019exception du sud. Elle concentre plus de 60 % des volcans actifs \u00e9merg\u00e9s de la plan\u00e8te.<\/li>\n
  3. le volcanisme de \u00ab point chaud \u00bb,<\/strong> ind\u00e9pendant des limites des plaques, est li\u00e9 \u00e0 des remont\u00e9es de panaches thermiques profond\u00e9ment enracin\u00e9s dans la plan\u00e8te. Ce type de volcanisme est relativement rare (quelques dizaines de volcans au maximum).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

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    Exp\u00e9rimentez \u00e0 Vulcania<\/h4><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>
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    Volcans, comment \u00e7a marche ?<\/h3>\n

    O\u00f9 et pourquoi les volcans se forment-ils ? Avec l'atelier \"Volcans, comment \u00e7a marche ?\" du Coin des exp\u00e9riences, levez le voile sur les secrets du volcanisme !<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

    En savoir plus sur les \"Ateliers des volcans\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Exp\u00e9rimentez \u00e0 Vulcania Volcans, comment \u00e7a marche ? O\u00f9 et pourquoi les volcans se forment-ils ? Avec l'atelier \"Volcans, comment \u00e7a marche ?\" du Coin des exp\u00e9riences, levez le voile sur les secrets du volcanisme ! En savoir plus sur les \"Ateliers des volcans\"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1023,"parent":95,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[16],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u00f9 se situent les volcans sur Terre ? 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