{"id":314,"date":"2021-03-25T16:40:26","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T15:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/?page_id=314"},"modified":"2023-03-22T10:01:47","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T09:01:47","slug":"eruption-phreatomagmatique-et-phreatique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/volcans\/differents-types-deruptions\/eruption-phreatomagmatique-et-phreatique\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9ruption phr\u00e9atomagmatique et phr\u00e9atique"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row el_class=\u00a0\u00bbbloc-titre\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12&Prime;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb10\/12&Prime;][vc_column_text]<em>(\u00c9ruption sous-lacustre ou sous-glaciaire)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9ruptions phr\u00e9atomagmatiques surviennent lors de la rencontre entre le magma ascendant et de l\u2019eau superficielle (nappe phr\u00e9atique, cours d\u2019eau, lac, milieu marin littoral). Une succession d\u2019explosions tr\u00e8s violentes d\u00e9coupe des crat\u00e8res circulaires \u00e0 l\u2019emporte-pi\u00e8ce. Ces crat\u00e8res sont appel\u00e9s maars, du nom qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 \u00e0 ces morphologies en Allemagne. Les projections s\u2019accumulent \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie du crat\u00e8re, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sous forme d\u2019un croissant ou anneau <a href=\"\/science\/reperes\/glossaire\/#1668609657967-7914afa5-a1801aa2-532d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pyroclastique<\/a>. Le Massif central fran\u00e7ais en pr\u00e9sente de tr\u00e8s nombreux exemples.<\/p>\n<p>Il arrive qu\u2019une \u00e9l\u00e9vation locale de temp\u00e9rature, par exemple parce qu\u2019un r\u00e9servoir magmatique est proche, provoque la vaporisation d\u2019eau contenue dans le sous-sol. Si la pression exc\u00e8de la r\u00e9sistance des roches, des explosions violentes se produisent, sans intervention directe du magma. Ces \u00e9ruptions gazeuses sont dites \u00ab phr\u00e9atiques \u00bb. Un crat\u00e8re semblable au <a href=\"\/science\/reperes\/glossaire\/#1668609116035-93195f3b-71d11aa2-532d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maar<\/a> est cr\u00e9\u00e9. Caract\u00e9ristique des produits form\u00e9s est l\u2019absence de mat\u00e9riaux volcaniques frais : les br\u00e8ches sont constitu\u00e9es exclusivement de roches anciennes pulv\u00e9ris\u00e9es par les explosions.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12&Prime;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12&Prime;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb10\/12&Prime;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Les autres types d&rsquo;\u00e9ruptions :<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_basic_grid post_type=\u00a0\u00bbpage\u00a0\u00bb max_items=\u00a0\u00bb10&Prime; element_width=\u00a0\u00bb3&Prime; item=\u00a0\u00bb573&Prime; grid_id=\u00a0\u00bbvc_gid:1679475678480-549ff8fa-4ed4-8&Prime; taxonomies=\u00a0\u00bb17&Prime;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12&Prime;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"templatera_shortcode\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid noprint\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_dashed vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator-has-text\" ><span class=\"vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l\"><span style=\"border-color:#888888;\" class=\"vc_sep_line\"><\/span><\/span><h4>Exp\u00e9rimentez \u00e0 Vulcania<\/h4><span class=\"vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r\"><span style=\"border-color:#888888;\" class=\"vc_sep_line\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-5\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div  class=\"wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<figure class=\"wpb_wrapper vc_figure\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/animation\/machine-terre\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_rounded  vc_box_border_grey\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/volcan-comment-ca-marche_600x288-585x281.jpg\" class=\"vc_single_image-img attachment-medium\" alt=\"\" title=\"volcan-comment-ca-marche_600x288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/volcan-comment-ca-marche_600x288-585x281.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/volcan-comment-ca-marche_600x288.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-5\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3>Volcans, comment \u00e7a marche ?<\/h3>\n<p>O\u00f9 et pourquoi les volcans se forment-ils ? Avec l'atelier \"Volcans, comment \u00e7a marche ?\" du Coin des exp\u00e9riences, levez le voile sur les secrets du volcanisme !<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_btn3-container  bouton coul-1 vc_btn3-inline\" ><a class=\"vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-modern vc_btn3-color-grey\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/animation\/ateliers-des-volcans\/\" title=\"\">En savoir plus sur les \"Ateliers des volcans\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-1\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Exp\u00e9rimentez \u00e0 Vulcania Volcans, comment \u00e7a marche ? O\u00f9 et pourquoi les volcans se forment-ils ? Avec l'atelier \"Volcans, comment \u00e7a marche ?\" du Coin des exp\u00e9riences, levez le voile sur les secrets du volcanisme ! En savoir plus sur les \"Ateliers des volcans\"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":849,"parent":223,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[17],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.9.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tout savoir sur les \u00e9ruptions phr\u00e9atiques et phr\u00e9atomagmatiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Li\u00e9es \u00e0 la rencontre entre le magma et de l&#039;eau, les \u00e9ruptions phr\u00e9atomagmatiques peuvent \u00eatre tr\u00e8s violentes. 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