{"id":375,"date":"2021-03-31T16:20:10","date_gmt":"2021-03-31T14:20:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/?page_id=375"},"modified":"2023-03-22T10:09:36","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T09:09:36","slug":"le-cantal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/auvergne\/volcans-dauvergne\/le-cantal\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Cantal"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row el_class=\u00a0\u00bbbloc-titre\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb10\/12″][vc_column_text]Avec pr\u00e8s de 70 km de diam\u00e8tre, le massif du Cantal forme le\u00a0plus grand volcan d\u2019Europe<\/b>. Bien qu\u2019il culmine \u00e0 1 855 m au Plomb du Cantal, le centre de son activit\u00e9 volcanique correspondrait plut\u00f4t au Puy Griou ; ce relief, parfaitement conique, est un\u00a0d\u00f4me de phonolite<\/a><\/b>\u00a0\u00e2g\u00e9 de 6,7 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es (Ma), largement entam\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9rosion. Le Cantal est a priori un volcan \u00e9teint. Il diff\u00e8re des volcans de la Cha\u00eene des Puys car il s\u2019agit d\u2019un\u00a0stratovolcan<\/a>\u00a0<\/b>: il s\u2019est \u00e9difi\u00e9 progressivement en de multiples phases successives, \u00e9tal\u00e9es sur une p\u00e9riode de 8 Ma environ.<\/p>\n

Au cours de l\u2019activit\u00e9 du Cantal qui a d\u00e9but\u00e9 il y a 11 Ma, des dynamismes vari\u00e9s, effusifs<\/a> ou explosifs, ont altern\u00e9. Les mat\u00e9riaux de ces innombrables \u00e9ruptions (coul\u00e9es, br\u00e8ches d\u2019explosions et d\u2019effondrements, projections, constructions de c\u00f4nes et de d\u00f4mes, d\u00e9p\u00f4ts pyroclastiques<\/a>, etc.) se sont empil\u00e9s pour constituer un imposant strato-volcan<\/a> dont l\u2019altitude devait avoisiner 4 000 m. Ce massif a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9capit\u00e9 par de gigantesques effondrements de ses flancs, produisant d\u2019\u00e9normes quantit\u00e9s de br\u00e8ches volcaniques \u00e0 son pi\u00e9mont. L\u2019implacable travail d\u2019\u00e9rosion des glaciers l\u2019a ensuite largement remodel\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dernier n\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9difice, le\u00a0Plomb du Cantal<\/b>\u00a0est un petit appareil strombolien<\/a> form\u00e9 il y a 3 Ma.<\/p>\n

Les \u00ab\u00a0plan\u00e8zes<\/b>\u00a0\u00bb, vastes plateaux doucement inclin\u00e9s vers l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du volcan, correspondent \u00e0 de vastes coul\u00e9es basaltiques. Tr\u00e8s fluides, elles ont napp\u00e9 les surfaces de br\u00e8ches sous-jacentes. Le basalte<\/a> \u00e9tant une roche plus dure que l\u2019encaissant, ces coul\u00e9es, d\u00e9gag\u00e9es par l\u2019\u00e9rosion, apparaissent souvent \u00ab perch\u00e9es \u00bb par inversion de relief. La ville de\u00a0Saint-Flour<\/b>\u00a0est construite en bordure d\u2019une grande plan\u00e8ze. De magnifiques\u00a0orgues basaltiques<\/b>\u00a0ornent le soubassement de la ville.<\/p>\n

Chaudes-Aigues<\/b>\u00a0est renomm\u00e9e pour ses\u00a0sources<\/b>\u00a0dont les eaux, jaillissant \u00e0 82 \u00b0C, sont\u00a0les plus chaudes d\u2019Europe continentale<\/b>. N\u00e9anmoins, contrairement aux id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues, l\u2019eau de ces sources ne doit pas sa temp\u00e9rature au volcanisme, mais \u00e0 la profondeur du r\u00e9seau de fractures dans lesquelles elle s\u2019infiltre, circule et se r\u00e9chauffe avant de rejaillir en surface \u00e0 la faveur d\u2019une faille.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb10\/12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Les autres ensembles g\u00e9ologiques de l’Auvergne volcanique :<\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_basic_grid post_type=\u00a0\u00bbpage\u00a0\u00bb max_items=\u00a0\u00bb10″ element_width=\u00a0\u00bb3″ item=\u00a0\u00bb573″ grid_id=\u00a0\u00bbvc_gid:1679476126473-7f5896a5-a3ab-9″ taxonomies=\u00a0\u00bb18″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/12″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

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Exp\u00e9rimentez \u00e0 Vulcania<\/h4><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>
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R\u00e9veil des G\u00e9ants d'Auvergne<\/h3>\n

Depuis environ 7000 ans, le volcanisme d'Auvergne semble en sommeil... Et si les volcans de la Cha\u00eene des Puys se r\u00e9veillaient ? Vivez en direct leur r\u00e9veil dans cette attraction dynamique !<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

En savoir plus sur \"R\u00e9veil des g\u00e9ants d'Auvergne\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Exp\u00e9rimentez \u00e0 Vulcania R\u00e9veil des G\u00e9ants d'Auvergne Depuis environ 7000 ans, le volcanisme d'Auvergne semble en sommeil... Et si les volcans de la Cha\u00eene des Puys se r\u00e9veillaient ? Vivez en direct leur r\u00e9veil dans cette attraction dynamique ! En savoir plus sur \"R\u00e9veil des g\u00e9ants d'Auvergne\"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":761,"parent":227,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[18],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCantal : tout savoir sur le plus grand volcan d'Europe avec Vulcania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Retrouvez toutes les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s du Cantal, ce volcan culminant \u00e0 1855m et \u00e2g\u00e9 de 6,7 millions d'ann\u00e9es. Les scientifiques de Vulcania vous disent tout ! et \u00e2g\u00e9 de 6,7 millions d'ann\u00e9es. Les scientifiques de Vulcania vous disent tout !\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vulcania.com\/science\/auvergne\/volcans-dauvergne\/le-cantal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cantal : tout savoir sur le plus grand volcan d'Europe avec Vulcania\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Retrouvez toutes les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s du Cantal, ce volcan culminant \u00e0 1855m et \u00e2g\u00e9 de 6,7 millions d'ann\u00e9es. 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